WASHINGTON ― Unclaimed income tax refunds totaling almost $1.5 billion may be waiting for an estimated 1.5 million taxpayers who did not file a 2018 Form 1040 federal income tax return, but people must act before the April tax deadline, according to the Internal Revenue Service.

"The IRS wants to help people who are due refunds but haven't filed their 2018 tax returns yet," said IRS Commissioner Chuck Rettig. "But people need to act quickly. By law, there's only a three-year window to claim these refunds, which closes with this year’s April tax deadline. We want to help people get these refunds, but they need to file a 2018 tax return before this critical deadline."

The IRS estimates the midpoint for the potential refunds for 2018 to be $813 — that is, half of the refunds are more than $813 and half are less.

In cases where a federal income tax return was not filed, the law provides most taxpayers with a three-year window of opportunity to claim a tax refund. If they do not file a tax return within three years, the money becomes the property of the U.S. Treasury. For 2018 tax returns, the window closes April 18, 2022, for most taxpayers. Taxpayers living in Maine and Massachusetts have until April 19, 2022. The law requires taxpayers to properly address, mail and ensure the tax return is postmarked by that date.

The IRS reminds taxpayers seeking a 2018 tax refund that their checks may be held if they have not filed tax returns for 2019 and 2020. In addition, the refund will be applied to any amounts still owed to the IRS or a state tax agency and may be used to offset unpaid child support or past due federal debts, such as student loans.

By failing to file a tax return, people stand to lose more than just their refund of taxes withheld or paid during 2018. Many low- and moderate-income workers may be eligible for the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). For 2018, the credit was worth as much as $6,431. The EITC helps individuals and families whose incomes are below certain thresholds. The thresholds for 2018 were:

Tax year 2018 returns must be filed with the IRS center listed on the last page of the current Form 1040 instructions. Current and prior year tax forms (such as the tax year 2018 Form 1040, 1040A and 1040EZ) and instructions are available on the IRS.gov Forms and Publications page or by calling toll-free 800-TAX-FORM (800-829-3676). However, taxpayers can e-file tax year 2019 and later returns.
 
Taxpayers who are missing Forms W-2, 1098, 1099 or 5498 for the years 2018, 2019 or 2020 should request copies from their employer, bank or other payer. Taxpayers who are unable to get missing forms from their employer or other payer can order a free wage and income transcript at IRS.gov using the Get Transcript Online tool. Alternatively, they can file Form 4506-T to request a wage and income transcript.

A wage and income transcript shows data from information returns received by the IRS, such as Forms W-2, 1098, 1099, Form 5498 and IRA contribution information. Taxpayers can use the information from the transcript to file their tax return. 

State-by-state estimates of individuals who may be due 2018 income tax refunds 

State or District	Estimated Number of Individuals	Median Potential Refund	Total Potential Refunds*
Alabama	24,474	$796	$23,028,940
Alaska	5,515	$969	$6,185,637
Arizona	38,182	$718	$33,577,964
Arkansas	13,727	$762	$12,567,925
California	148,938	$776	$139,660,163
Colorado	30,836	$787	$28,979,238
Connecticut	15,020	$864	$15,243,386
Delaware	5,764	$793	$5,486,810
District of Columbia	4,011	$802	$3,967,443
Florida	98,979	$818	$94,578,672
Georgia	51,034	$735	$46,467,229
Hawaii	8,199	$873	$8,317,290
Idaho	7,026	$686	$5,982,194
Illinois	55,767	$840	$54,850,831
Indiana	34,770	$839	$33,534,332
Iowa	14,843	$840	$14,255,896
Kansas	14,813	$822	$14,125,094
Kentucky	20,030	$836	$19,137,456
Louisiana	24,292	$793	$23,609,986
Maine	5,851	$772	$5,241,197
Maryland	30,224	$814	$29,637,361
Massachusetts	32,234	$908	$33,569,901
Michigan	49,252	$812	$47,228,525
Minnesota	22,685	$771	$20,920,613
Mississippi	13,007	$730	$11,753,943
Missouri	33,858	$783	$31,284,396
Montana	4,914	$758	$4,560,800
Nebraska	7,647	$809	$7,204,243
Nevada	17,919	$792	$16,896,077
New Hampshire	6,755	$920	$7,022,858
New Jersey	39,046	$872	$39,628,243
New Mexico	9,893	$804	$9,613,090
New York	77,315	$896	$79,825,137
North Carolina	50,069	$776	$45,990,818
North Dakota	4,011	$893	$4,139,793
Ohio	56,285	$793	$51,974,509
Oklahoma	21,529	$824	$21,075,857
Oregon	23,552	$715	$20,729,323
Pennsylvania	59,459	$865	$58,993,909
Rhode Island	4,011	$893	$4,099,614
South Carolina	18,063	$720	$16,288,951
South Dakota	3,872	$858	$3,718,677
Tennessee	30,693	$788	$28,459,178
Texas	145,616	$856	$147,059,248
Utah	11,644	$757	$10,648,614
Vermont	3,089	$832	$2,905,786
Virginia	41,663	$776	$39,285,545
Washington	42,272	$863	$43,022,251
West Virginia	6,968	$880	$7,146,354
Wisconsin	21,753	$755	$19,535,856
Wyoming	3,258	$912	$3,486,358
Totals	1,514,627	$813	$1,456,503,511

* Excluding credits.